State v. Estevez

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,

v.

MARTIN QUEZADA ESTEVEZ, Appellant.

No. 1 CA-CR 19-0037
FILED 2-13-2020

Appeal from the Superior Court in Yuma County
No. S1400CR200801584
The Honorable Brandon S. Kinsey, Judge

AFFIRMED

COUNSEL

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Terry M. Crist
Counsel for Appellee

Yuma County Public Defender’s Office, Yuma
By Eugene Marquez
Counsel for Appellant
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Decision of the Court

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Randall M. Howe delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma and Judge Diane M. Johnsen joined.

H O W E, Judge:

¶1 Martin Estevez appeals his conviction of second-degree
murder and the trial court’s award of extradition costs to the Yuma County
Sheriff’s Office. For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2 In 2004, Estevez was living with his girlfriend C.G., and his
two children, K.E., then 6, and M.E., then 3. C.G. also had a third child, J.M.,
then 13, who lived with them. One afternoon in February 2004, while the
children were with a sitter, Estevez was at his neighbor’s house when he
saw C.G. return home from work. Estevez went home, took C.G.’s phone
and then returned to his neighbor’s house. C.G. followed him to the
neighbor’s and threatened to call the police if Estevez did not give her back
the phone. She then took her phone from Estevez and returned home.
Estevez followed her. In the meantime, the sitter had left with all three
children to take J.M. to her soccer game.

¶3 When the sitter returned with K.E and M.E, Estevez met them
at the front door and asked the sitter to take the children to the neighbor’s
house. Before the sitter could do so, K.E. slipped inside the door and saw
C.G. lying on the back patio with blood on the side of her mouth. Estevez
told K.E. that C.G. must have hurt herself in the bathroom. He then brought
K.E. back to the front of the house, and the sitter took the children to the
neighbor’s house. K.E. told the sitter about seeing C.G.’s body, then,
accompanied by the neighbor, they went to pick up J.M. from soccer.

¶4 After the sitter brought J.M. back to the neighbor’s house, J.M.
went home to look for C.G., but no one was home. J.M. found C.G.’s wallet
and keys, which J.M. later told police she always carried with her. J.M.
called Estevez, who said that he was out buying beer and claimed that he
did not know where C.G. was. After 45 minutes, J.M. called Estevez again,
and Estevez said that he was almost home. Estevez did not arrive, however,

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for another 30 minutes. Once he returned home, Estevez called the police
after J.M. told him that if he did not do so, she would.

¶5 When police arrived, Estevez said C.G. had left after an
argument over her cell phone. Police brought in a cadaver dog, which
alerted on Estevez’s truck. When police interviewed Estevez again, he
admitted that he had lied when he told K.E. that C.G. had hurt herself in
the bathroom and admitted that K.E. was telling the truth when she said
she had seen C.G.’s body on the patio. When asked if he was being truthful
about having nothing to do with C.G.’s disappearance, Estevez shook his
head no, but said he was being truthful. Estevez was not charged with any
crime at that time. Two months later, Estevez sold the house and moved to
Mexico. C.G.’s body was found more than a year later on a farm in Dome
Valley; she was wearing blue jeans and a red shirt, the same clothes the
children last saw her wearing.

¶6 Police contacted Immigration and Customs Enforcement
(“ICE”), which sent a summons to Verizon seeking Estevez’s cell phone
subscriber information. Police also issued a separate grand jury subpoena
to Verizon seeking the same information, as well as Estevez’s historical Cell
Site Location Information (“CSLI”). After Verizon produced only limited
information about the account, police obtained and served a court order
directing Verizon to produce the CSLI. The CSLI information that Verizon
provided showed that after Estevez left the house the night C.G.
disappeared, his phone was used in Dome Valley, where C.G.’s body was
later found. In December 2008, a grand jury returned a second-degree
murder indictment for Estevez. A warrant was issued for his arrest, and he
was extradited to Yuma County from San Diego.

¶7 Before trial, Estevez moved to suppress the CSLI, arguing the
CSLI was obtained without a warrant and in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d).
The trial court summarily denied the motion without taking evidence. After
an eight-day trial, the jury found Estevez guilty of second-degree murder
and found emotional harm to C.G. and her three children as aggravating
factors. The trial court sentenced Estevez to an aggravated term of 22 years’
imprisonment with 297 days’ presentence incarceration credit. The trial
court also ordered Estevez to pay $2,000 in restitution to the Yuma County
Attorney’s Office and imposed a $414.08 fine to reimburse the Yuma
County Sheriff’s Office for its extradition costs. Estevez timely appealed.

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DISCUSSION

¶8 Estevez argues that the trial court abused its discretion when
it denied his motion to suppress the CSLI based on the “good faith
exception” to the Exclusionary Rule. We review the denial of a motion to
suppress for an abuse of discretion and “view the facts in the light most
favorable to upholding the trial court’s ruling.” State v. Cornman, 237 Ariz.
350, 354 ¶ 10 (App. 2015). When no evidentiary suppression hearing is held,
we draw our facts from the uncontested material appended to the
suppression motion as well as the evidence presented at trial. State v.
Navarro, 241 Ariz. 19, 20 ¶ 2 n.1 (App. 2016).

¶9 When the evidence involves a search or seizure, the State’s
burden of proving the lawfulness of its acquisition of evidence arises when
“the defendant alleges specific circumstances and establishes a prima facie
case supporting the suppression of the evidence at issue.” Ariz. R. Crim. P.
16.2(b). A defendant meets this burden by making allegations that, if
proved, would entitle him to suppression. State v. Peterson, 228 Ariz. 405,
408 ¶ 9 (App. 2011).

¶10 Estevez failed to meet his burden. In his suppression motion,
Estevez argued that the CSLI was obtained without a warrant and in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d). In 2004, a request for CSLI was not
considered a search subject to the Fourth Amendment and therefore was
not subject to a warrant requirement; the warrant requirement did not arise
until recognized by the United States Supreme Court in 2018. See Carpenter
v. U.S., 138 S.Ct. 2206, 2220 (2018). When the CSLI records here were
obtained, 18 U.S.C. § 2703(c)(1)(A)–(B) permitted a governmental entity to
compel a cell phone provider to disclose information pertaining to a
subscriber by serving either a warrant or a court order. Here, the State
complied with the statute when it served a court order on Verizon for the
information.

¶11 In his suppression motion, Estevez argued that the summons
ICE sent to Verizon did not satisfy 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d). However, he never
asserted that the court order directing Verizon to comply with the subpoena
by turning over Estevez’s CSLI information violated 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d).
Further, even if the court order did not satisfy 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d), the
suppression of evidence was not an available remedy. U.S. v. Smith, 155
F.3d 1051, 1056 (9th Cir. 1998) (noting that 18 U.S.C. § 2708, entitled
“Exclusivity of Remedies,” expressly rules out exclusion as a remedy).
Thus, Estevez was not entitled to suppression of the CSLI even if he proved
the CSLI was obtained in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d).

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¶12 Estevez argues on appeal that the CSLI records were not
obtained in good faith because law enforcement caused ICE to issue the
summons to Verizon under false pretenses. Verizon did not produce the
CSLI pursuant to the ICE summons but produced it pursuant to a court
order, which Estevez never challenged in the trial court and does not
challenge on appeal.

¶13 Estevez further argues that the State never met its burden of
establishing that the good faith exception to the warrant requirement
applied. Reliance on binding precedent, however, is a per se application of
the good faith exception. Davis v. U.S., 564 U.S. 229, 231 (2011). When the
CSLI was obtained from Verizon, binding precedent held that the Fourth
Amendment did not prohibit the State from obtaining information that the
suspect of an investigation has revealed to a third party. See U.S. v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 443 (1976). Because Estevez’s CSLI was revealed to Verizon,
which then conveyed the information to the State pursuant to a court order,
the State established that the good faith exception applied.

¶14 Additionally, 18 U.S.C. § 2703(c)(1)(B) allowed the State to
obtain the CSLI records with a court order, rather than a warrant, which
Estevez did not challenge with the trial court. In sum, Estevez simply did
not make allegations in his motion to suppress that, if true, would have
entitled him to suppression of the CSLI. See Peterson, 228 Ariz. at 408 ¶ 9.
Therefore, the trial court properly denied Estevez’s motion to suppress. 1

¶15 Estevez also argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to
award the Yuma County Sheriff’s Office its extradition costs. This Court
reviews issues of subject matter jurisdiction de novo. State v. Flores, 218
Ariz. 407, 410 ¶ 6 (App. 2008). Contrary to Estevez’s argument, the trial
court had jurisdiction to award extradition costs. “On conviction of the
crime that caused a person to be extradited to this state, the state or political
subdivision . . . may recover from the convicted person the actual expenses
incurred by the extraditing agency.” A.R.S. § 13–3870.02. Estevez was
extradited to Yuma County from San Diego to stand trial. After he was

1 Estevez also argues that the State sought to expand the record on
appeal with items not in evidence. This Court, however, granted the State’s
request to expand the record and the court order requiring Verizon to
produce the CSLI was admitted into evidence as Exhibit 56.

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convicted, the Yuma County Sheriff’s Office was thus entitled to recover
the costs of extraditing him. See § 13–3870.02.

¶16 Estevez relies on State v. Gelden, 126 Ariz. 232 (App. 1980), for
the proposition that a trial court has no jurisdiction to order the recovery of
costs for extraditing a defendant. Gelden, however, no longer controls
whether a trial court may impose the costs of extradition as part of a
sentence; it has been superseded by A.R.S. § 13–3870.02. See State v. Maupin, 166 Ariz. 250, 251 (App. 1990). As a result, the trial court properly awarded
the Yuma County Sheriff’s Office its extradition costs.

CONCLUSION

¶17 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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