State v. Veleta

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

STATE OF ARIZONA,
Appellee,

v.

JESUS ALONZO VELETA,
Appellant.

No. 1 CA-CR 19-0570
FILED 10-8-2020

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CR2006-116603-001
The Honorable Jay R. Adleman, Judge
The Honorable A. Craig Blakey II, Judge (retired)

AFFIRMED

COUNSEL

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Michael T. O’Toole
Counsel for Appellee

The Stavris Law Firm, PLLC, Scottsdale
By Christopher Stavris
Counsel for Appellant
 STATE v. VELETA
Decision of the Court

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Paul J. McMurdie delivered the Court’s decision, in which Presiding
Judge James B. Morse Jr. and Judge Maria Elena Cruz joined.

M c M U R D I E, Judge:

¶1 Jesus Veleta1 appeals his convictions and sentences for two
counts of armed robbery. For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTS2 AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶2 Veleta robbed two pharmacies in Phoenix in March of 2006.
Grand jurors indicted Veleta for two counts of armed robbery involving the
threatening exhibition of a gun, each a class 2 dangerous felony. Before the
trial, the State moved to dismiss the dangerousness allegation for the
second count, and the superior court granted the motion. In January 2007,
the court conducted a trial in absentia after Veleta failed to appear.

¶3 At the trial, the pharmacist victim for the first count testified
she saw Veleta carrying a gun. Officers found the gun in a bush near the
store. The pharmacist victim for the second count testified that she assumed
Veleta had a gun based on how he held his hand to his side, but she did not
see a weapon.

¶4 The final jury instructions during the guilt phase defined
“dangerous offense.” The instruction stated that if the jurors found Veleta
guilty of the first count of armed robbery, they must determine whether it
was a dangerous offense. The instruction stated a dangerous offense
involved the threatening exhibition of a deadly weapon, which included a
firearm. Likewise, the verdict forms required the jurors to determine for the

1 On the court’s motion, the caption in this matter has been amended
to correct the spelling of Veleta’s last name. This amended caption shall be
used on any future filings.

2 We view the facts in the light most favorable to upholding the verdict
and resolve all reasonable inferences against the defendant. State v.
Mendoza, 248 Ariz. 6, 11, ¶ 1, n.1 (App. 2019).

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Decision of the Court

first count whether, if guilty, the offense was dangerous. Veleta did not
object to the instructions or verdict form. After the guilt phase, jurors found
Veleta guilty of armed robbery for both counts and found the first count
was a dangerous offense.

¶5 Officers arrested Veleta pursuant to a bench warrant in April
2019 after he surrendered to the Department of Homeland Security. The
court sentenced him to a less-than-presumptive term of eight years’
imprisonment for count one and a presumptive term of five years’
imprisonment for count two, ordering that the sentences be served
concurrently with 214 days’ presentence incarceration credit.

¶6 Veleta appealed, and we have jurisdiction under Arizona
Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) sections 12-120.21(A)(1), 13-4031,
and -4033(A)(1).

DISCUSSION

¶7 Veleta argues the superior court committed fundamental
error by defining “dangerous offense” in the final jury instructions and
permitting the jurors to determine whether the first count was a dangerous
offense during the trial’s guilt phase. He alleges the error prejudiced him
by infringing his right to a fair trial, claiming the error tainted the trial’s
entire guilt phase.

¶8 “[W]e will consider a matter not raised below only if it is a
matter of fundamental error.” State v. Bolton, 182 Ariz. 290, 297 (1995). We
will reverse a decision based on fundamental error only if the defendant
proves: (1) trial error exists; (2) the error went to the foundation of the case,
took away a right essential to the defense, or was so egregious that the
defendant could not have possibly received a fair trial; and (3) the error
caused prejudice. State v. Escalante, 245 Ariz. 135, 142, ¶ 21 (2018).

¶9 “When the State alleges a non-capital sentencing aggravator
such as dangerousness, the aggravator should not be mentioned in jury
instructions or otherwise during the guilt phase of the trial.” State v.
Patterson, 230 Ariz. 270, 277, ¶ 29 (2012) (citation omitted). An exception to
the general rule applies when dangerousness is a necessary element of the
crime charged, thereby making the crime inherently dangerous. State v.
Larin, 233 Ariz. 202, 212–13, ¶¶ 36, 41 (App. 2013).

¶10 Here, the indictment for count one alleged Veleta was armed
with a deadly weapon or simulated deadly weapon. Thus, when the jurors
found Veleta guilty of count one, they did not necessarily decide the issue

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Decision of the Court

of dangerousness. See A.R.S. § 13-105(13) (definition of dangerous offense);
Larin, 233 Ariz. at 213, ¶ 41 (“[A] defendant could be convicted of armed
robbery for using a simulated deadly weapon without that offense being
dangerous.”). However, the State did not present evidence to the jury that
Veleta used a simulated deadly weapon. Therefore, no reasonable juror
could have found Veleta committed the armed robbery with a simulated
deadly weapon.

¶11 Even if the court erred by instructing the jurors to determine
whether the first count was a dangerous offense during the guilt-phase,
Veleta has produced no evidence showing how the court’s failure to
bifurcate the dangerous finding between the guilt and aggravation phases
created an unfair trial. The evidence presented at the trial concerning count
one included the pharmacist’s testimony that Veleta possessed a gun
during the robbery and evidence that the officers discovered the weapon in
a bush near the store. This evidence was necessary to prove the
armed-robbery offense in this case. It was also sufficient for the jurors to
conclude count one was a dangerous offense, regardless of whether they
heard the evidence during the guilt or aggravation phase. Veleta has not
met his burden of proving prejudice. Thus, no fundamental error occurred.

CONCLUSION

¶12 We affirm Veleta’s convictions and sentences.

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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