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Under the Hughes three- element test, “[a] judgment or order is void if the court entering it lacked jurisdiction: (1) over the subject matter, (2) over the person involved, or (3) to render the particular judgment or order entered.” ¶ 16 (App. 1998) (

“A voidable judgment is one in which the court has jurisdiction over the subject matter and parties but which is otherwise erroneous and subject to reversal.” ¶ 16 (App. 1998) ().

¶ 12 (App. 2014) (noting a voidable decree “is valid and enforceable until successfully challenged”); ¶ 12 (App. 1998) (noting a void decree is a nullity from its inception).

Voidable orders or judgments, in contrast, are “binding and enforceable,” enjoy “all [of] the ordinary attributes of a valid [order or] judgment until [they are] reversed or vacated,” ¶ 13 (App. 2008) ( ¶ 16 (App. 1998)), and may “only be modified on [direct] appeal or by [a] proper and timely post-judgment motion,” Chaparro, 248 Ariz. at 143 ¶ 22 (quoting Bryant, 219 Ariz. at 517–18 9 ¶¶ 13, 15).

Conversely, when a court lacks jurisdiction, any judgment or sentence is void; “a ‘nullity’ and ‘all proceedings founded on [a] void judgment are themselves regarded as invalid and ineffective for any purpose.’” Espinoza, 229 Ariz. at 429 ¶ 32 ( ¶ 12 (App. 1998)).

over the subject matter.” ¶ 16 (App. 1998).

[a]ll proceedings founded on the void [decree] are themselves regarded as invalid and ineffective for any purpose” (alterations in original) ( ¶ 12 (App. 1998))).

¶¶ 12-14 , (court had not "abused its discretion in denying his motion to withdraw the guilty pleas before sentencing and in denying his request for post-conviction relief on that ground”; summary dismissal proper); ¶¶ 8, 18 , 228 (App. 1998) (citing Richardson, concluding court “did not abuse its discretion by refusing to allow defendant to withdraw from his plea and by denying post-conviction relief”).

¶ 9 (App. 1998); (even a constitutionally infirm license cancellation is sufficient to satisfy element of aggravated DUI).

In construing statutes, statutory language is “the best and most reliable index of a statute’s meaning.” ¶ 10, (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

B. Statutory Construction ¶ 12 “[T]he statute’s language [ ] is the ‘best and most reliable index of a statute’s meaning.’” ¶ 10 , ( , ).

¶10 Where a court lacks jurisdiction, any determination of guilt or innocence is a nullity — that is, “invalid and ineffective for any purpose.” -29, ¶¶ 31-32, -63 (App. 2012) ( ¶¶ 12, 16, ) (internal quotations omitted).

‘[ajll proceedings founded on the void [decree] are themselves regarded as invalid and ineffective for any purpose.’ ” , 153 ¶ 12, *185 (App.1998) (citations omitted).

A voidable judgment or order has “all the ordinary attributes of a valid judgment [or order] until it is reversed or vacated.”

f his probation, as well as the two convictions for registration violations that followed, all fell within the court’s subject matter jurisdiction and therefore were not void ab initio, but voidable orders that could have been modified only “on appeal or by proper and timely post-judgment motion.” State v. Bryant, 219 Ariz. 514, ¶ 15, (“A judgment that is voidable is binding and enforceable .

Our starting point, however, is “the statute’s language because it is the ‘best and most reliable index of a statute’s meaning.’ ” ¶ 10 , ( , ).

"A voidable judgment is one in which the court has jurisdiction over the subject matter and parties but is otherwise erroneous and subject to reversal.” ¶ 16

An order is void “if the court entering it lacked jurisdiction,” ¶ 16

An order is void “if the court entering it lacked jurisdiction: (1) over the subject matter, (2) over the person involved, or (3) to render the particular judgment or order entered.”

An order is void “if the court entering it lacked jurisdiction: (1) over the subject matter, (2) over the person involved, or (3) to render the particular judgment or order entered.”

§ 28-1383(A), (D), (E), (L) (classifying aggravated DUI as class four felony and prescribing increasingly harsher sentences for repeat offenders); (purpose of aggravated DUI statute “is to impose greater punishment” on person who commits DUI in clear defiance of prior administrative orders).

App. 2001) (“The vacatur restores the parties to the status quo ante, as though the trial court judgment had never been entered.”); ¶ 16, (holding that a voidable judgment “is binding and enforceable and has all the ordinary attributes of a valid judgment until it is reversed or vacated”).