Williamsfield v. Stren

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

WILLIAMSFIELD/HIGLEY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,
Plaintiff/Appellee,

v.

CYNTHIA STREN, Defendant/Appellant.

No. 1 CA-CV 18-0322
FILED 2-11-2020

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CV2016-052096
The Honorable Aimee L. Anderson, Judge (Retired)
The Honorable Cynthia J. Bailey, Judge

REVERSED AND REMANDED

COUNSEL

Clark Hill PLC, Scottsdale
By Ryan J. Lorenz
Counsel for Defendant/Appellant

Porter Law Firm, Phoenix
By Robert S. Porter
Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee
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MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge Jennifer M. Perkins and Judge Michael J. Brown joined.

T H U M M A, Judge:

¶1 Defendant Estate of Steven Stren by administrator Cynthia
Stren (collectively the Estate) appeals the denial of a motion to set aside
judgment and for new trial. The judgment for nearly $700,000, entered in
favor of plaintiff Williamsfield/Higley Limited Partnership (Partnership),
was the product of a stipulation by the Estate’s attorney who stated in open
court that he had been unable to contact his client to discuss the proposed
stipulation. Because the stipulation was not binding on the Estate, and
because the Estate properly demonstrated legitimate potential defenses, the
denial of the motion to set aside is reversed and this matter is remanded for
further proceedings consistent with this decision.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2 The facts leading up to this case span more than two decades,
and the procedural history is unusual and complicated. In 1997, Steven
Stren was the sole member-manager of Williamsfield Management L.L.C.
(LLC). At that time, in a written agreement, the LLC became the general
partner of the Partnership, agreeing to accept “all the powers, privileges
and obligations of the general partner.” That written agreement, however,
did not specify what obligations the LLC assumed.

¶3 Between 2002 and 2006, various individuals and entities
related in some way to the Partnership and the LLC signed several
promissory notes. Some notes were between the LLC and Stren; others were
between Jaystren Holdings Limited and the LLC or the Partnership; while
still others were between Stren and the Partnership. The notes set the
annual interest rate at either four or five percent.

¶4 In 2012, Stren died. As a result, the LLC was administratively
dissolved for lack of a statutory agent and valid agent address.

¶5 In April 2016, the Partnership sued the Estate, seeking: (1)
$462,043 plus ten percent interest, alleged to be owing on the 1997 written
agreement with the LLC and (2) $97,322.40 plus ten percent interest, alleged
to be owing on the notes. The five-page operative complaint did not provide

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any specifics about the 1997 written agreement or the notes and did not
attach any exhibits. The complaint did not seek to pierce the form of the
LLC or any other entity and did not allege why the Estate would be liable
for the LLC’s debts.

¶6 The litigation did not go well for the Estate, given the inaction,
lack of communication and improper representations by the Estate’s
counsel.

¶7 Two defaults were entered against the Estate at the outset.
The Estate eventually filed an answer in January 2017, nine months after
the Partnership sued. When the Estate failed to respond to a motion to
amend, the Partnership was allowed to amend its complaint. When the
Estate did not respond to the amended complaint, the Partnership filed
another application for entry of default. Only then, did the Estate answer
the amended complaint.

¶8 In August 2017, the court set a two-day jury trial for
December 4 and 5, 2017, and ordered the parties to make pretrial filings by
November 9, 2017. On November 9, 2017, the Partnership made several
filings (proposed verdict forms, requested jury instructions, time estimates
and its pretrial statement), noting the Estate “has not provided any input”
and had failed to engage or participate in what should have been a joint
filing. The Partnership also moved for sanctions, stating the Estate “has
failed to submit any disclosure statement” to the Partnership, and failed to
submit court-ordered exhibits, jury instructions, verdict forms or time
estimates. The proposed form of order submitted with the request (which
is not in the record on appeal) apparently sought sanctions against the
Estate’s attorney, not the Estate.

¶9 Almost immediately, the court struck the Partnership’s filings
and directed the parties to make joint pretrial filings by November 16, 2017.
In doing so, the court noted the Estate’s “failure to timely file anything or
cooperate with [the Partnership] in filing what was previously Court
ordered is unacceptable.”

¶10 On November 16, 2017, the Partnership again made various
filings, again noting the Estate’s counsel “has neither contacted [the
Partnership’s] attorney nor provided him any portion of [the Estate’s]
submission of the Pretrial Statement.” The Partnership also sought leave to
unilaterally make these filings, noting the Estate’s counsel “has not
cooperated with [the Partnership’s] counsel and has been unresponsive.”

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The Partnership repeated its request for sanctions, noting the proposed
form of order imposing sanctions it submitted earlier.

¶11 A few minutes before 4:00 p.m. on November 17, 2017, the
Estate’s counsel filed a motion for extension of time to file a final pretrial
statement, along with various other filings, stating: (1) the filings were
“following the call with the Court staff on Thursday (11/1) made from
counsel’s family home” and (2) noting “the untimely passing of counsel’s
uncle” and related issues.

¶12 With the December 4, 2017 trial fast approaching, the court set
a pretrial hearing for November 20, 2017. At that hearing, the Partnership’s
counsel avowed that “[t]here has been no disclosure statement from the”
Estate at any time. In addressing requested sanctions, the Partnership’s
counsel added “the conduct of the attorney here is, at a minimum, grossly
negligent or reflects willful misconduct,” also seeking to strike the Estate’s
“answer or render a default judgment.” The Partnership’s counsel noted
the “proposed order” for sanctions, previously submitted, “explicitly said
against the [Estate’s] attorneys. I don’t know about the [E]state.” The
Partnership’s counsel then raised the issue of a “culprit hearing” to
determine whether the sanctions should be against the Estate’s counsel, the
Estate or both. The Partnership’s counsel concluded that, for the sanctions
requested, “gross negligence[ and] willful misconduct” is “required when
an attorney has failed to act.”

¶13 The Estate’s counsel responded that all documents had been
disclosed to the Partnership, adding that “there wasn’t anything that was
privileged that we could even call, as I recall.” He then added “we have an
elderly woman in Canada whose husband was a lawyer who passed away.
She had no involvement in the case. So it’s been laborious and taxing to try
to get information.” The Estate’s counsel admitted “[t]he issue with the pre-
trial was on me, it’s not on” the Estate, citing counsel’s “back issues and
trying to recover and then the passing of” his family member, “but that has
nothing to do with [the Estate] at all.” The Estate’s counsel added “I think
counsel and I could probably agree to a bench trial as opposed to a jury
trial” and also suggested possible resolution short of trial.

¶14 The court then summarized the recent procedural history,
including the Estate’s violations of various orders and rules, but did not
allocate fault between the Estate’s counsel and the Estate. After that
summary, the court: (1) denied the Estate’s motion for extension of time to
make pretrial filings; (2) ordered the Estate could not offer at trial any
exhibits, could not mark any exhibits for trial and could not call any

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witnesses at trial; (3) admitted all of the Partnership’s exhibits in evidence
and (4) declared only the Partnership’s pretrial statement would be
considered. The court also prohibited the Estate from submitting any jury
instructions or asking voir dire questions, issues that became moot when
the trial became a bench trial. After taking a break for counsel to address
whether the trial would be to a jury or the bench, the Estate’s counsel
indicated it would be “[a] bench trial, Your Honor,” and the Partnership’s
counsel agreed. The court then confirmed a Monday, December 4, 2017
bench trial.

¶15 At about 3:30 p.m. on Friday, December 1, 2017, the Estate
filed a motion to continue trial for 30 days. The motion stated that Ms. Stren
had fallen and injured her ankle a day earlier and was unable to travel to
Phoenix. The filing added, somewhat cryptically, that the Estate’s counsel
had authorized the motion from a hospital “while his wife remains in
surgery.”

¶16 The court addressed the motion to continue early on Monday,
December 4, 2017, when trial was set to begin. The court, however, had not
yet received a copy of the motion, which resulted in some confusion and
frustration. After the court noted Ms. Stren was precluded from testifying
as a sanction, the Estate’s counsel avowed that the Estate “agree[d] to
reimburse the travel and related expenses for the [Partnership’s] witnesses
that came in so that Ms. Stren can get healthy and get back down here to
testify.” The Estate’s counsel then said he was “hopeful” that a settlement
could be reached. After a recess to allow the Estate’s counsel to try to contact
Ms. Stren, the Estate’s counsel said he had been unable to reach his client
but that “we have an agreement that we’ve reached.”

¶17 The Partnership’s counsel then recounted that the Estate’s
counsel agreed that trial would be continued for at least 30 days and that
the parties stipulated that by January 15, 2018, either: (1) “the parties will
have settled” or (2) if such a settlement was not reached, the Estate “will
pay the airplane tickets for Mr. Eisenberg . . ., his hotel expenses and meals
for two days, and reasonable compensation for his time” to be paid in cash.
If the Estate did not pay the travel expenses “in cash by January 15 because
we haven’t settled,” then “judgment will be entered in favor of the
[Partnership] and against the [Estate] for the amount sought as set forth in
the [operative pleading] and the pre-trial statement.” The Partnership’s
counsel added that the Estate’s counsel agreed that the Estate had no
defense to the amounts claimed for the promissory notes. The Estate’s
counsel confirmed that “accurately recited our discussions, and we agree”

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and accepted the stipulation. Accordingly, the court rescheduled trial for
late January 2018 and entered a minute entry reflecting the stipulation.

¶18 January 15, 2018 came and went with no settlement and no
payment of expenses. On January 18, 2018, the Partnership submitted a
proposed form of judgment, avowing that the Estate’s counsel “has not
contacted [the Partnership’s] attorney at all since December 4, 2017 trial.”
This filing also avowed that the Partnership’s counsel had attempted to
contact the Estate’s counsel “a number” of times but had “received no
response of any type from the attorney for the” Estate. A few days later, the
court entered the proposed form of judgment, which awarded the
Partnership approximately $700,000 in damages, plus interest at ten or 4.25
percent, depending upon the claim and time period.

¶19 Post-judgment motion practice revealed that the Estate’s
counsel had not been in contact with his client during relevant times in
December 2017 and January 2018. Of particular significance, the Estate’s
counsel did not inform Ms. Stren about the trial continuance or the
December 4, 2017 stipulation, which she first learned about “later from a
review of publicly available minute entries” after the entry of judgment.
Ms. Stren asserted the Estate’s counsel “was incommunicative” throughout
the representation. Ultimately, it was not until February 7, 2018 that she
“learned what happened,” including the entry of the judgment and that the
firm employing the Estate’s counsel had “terminated [his] employment,”
adding the firm “will be reporting his conduct to the State Bar of Arizona”
and recommended the Estate “obtain other Arizona counsel to protect your
interests in the litigation.”1

¶20 The law firm that had employed the Estate’s counsel filed a
timely motion pursuant to Arizona Rules of Civil Procedure (Rule) 59 and
60 (2020)2 “to preserve [the Estate’s] rights.” That motion was denied, and
the Estate retained new counsel, which filed a motion to set aside the
judgment under Rule 60(b). After full briefing, the court treated this Rule
60(b) motion as timely but denied it. This court has jurisdiction over the

1 Due to his conduct in this case and an extreme driving while intoxicated
issue, the Estate’s counsel was suspended from the practice of law by the
Arizona Supreme Court for six months and a day.

2Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited
refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.

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Estate’s timely appeal under Ariz. Rev. Stat. (A.R.S.) sections 12-
120.21(A)(1) and 12-2101(A)(2).

DISCUSSION

¶21 The Estate presses four interrelated arguments on appeal: (1)
the Estate did not authorize the stipulation resulting in the entry of
judgment, meaning the court should not have accepted that stipulation; (2)
the Estate was entitled to Rule 60 relief; (3) the sanctions imposed were
improper and (4) the Estate has, but was not permitted to raise, meritorious
defenses to the Partnership’s claims. This court addresses these arguments
in turn.

I. The Stipulation, Entered Without Authority, is not Binding on the
Estate.

¶22 The Estate claims its attorney lacked authority to enter into
the stipulation on December 4, 2017 that resulted in the entry of judgment
for more than $700,000 against the Estate. An attorney’s actions bind a client
if the attorney acts with actual or apparent authority. Robertson v. Alling, 237
Ariz. 345, 349 ¶ 17 (2015). An attorney has apparent authority “if the other
party to the agreement ‘reasonably assumes that the lawyer is authorized
to do the act on the basis of the client’s (and not the lawyer’s) manifestation
of such authorization.’” Id. (quoting Restatement (Third) of Law Governing
Lawyers § 27) (emphasis added). Retention of an attorney alone, however,
does not establish apparent authority. Id. The client’s manifestation is based
upon the client’s assent or intention through words or conduct. Id.

¶23 The transcript from the December 4, 2017 hearing shows the
Estate’s counsel lacked such authority. After the recess, the court asked the
Estate’s counsel if he had been able to reach his client to discuss what was
later offered as a stipulation that resulted in the entry of judgment against
the Estate. In response, the Estate’s counsel conceded “No, Your Honor.”
The transcript contains no evidence of a manifestation by the Estate (in
contrast to the Estate’s counsel) of an agreement to enter into the
stipulation. In attorney disciplinary proceedings against the Estate’s
counsel, he later admitted that he “failed to discuss the agreement with his
client prior to entering it;” he never informed the Estate of the stipulation
and his agreement that the Estate lacked a valid defense regarding the
promissory notes was without the knowledge or agreement of the Estate.
In the Matter of John P. Flynn, PDJ-2018-9136, at 8-9 ¶¶ 20–21 (2019). On this
record, the Estate’s counsel lacked both actual and apparent authority to
agree to the stipulations. See Robertson, 237 Ariz. at 349 ¶ 17.

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¶24 The Partnership relies on Rutledge v. Arizona Board of Regents,
147 Ariz. 534 (App. 1985) in asserting the December 4, 2017 stipulations
were binding on the Estate. Rutledge, however, is quite different. In Rutledge,
while describing the scope of one cause of action during direct examination
of a witness at trial, the attorneys stipulated that “grabbing face masks and
pulling helmets is not an assault,” wherein plaintiff’s counsel stated,
“[t]hat’s not my claim.” 147 Ariz. at 549. Finding the statement was a
waiver, Rutledge affirmed a ruling reflecting that waiver. Id. at 549-50. In
doing so, Rutledge noted reliance on the waiver by all participants at trial,
something not applicable here. Id. at 550. Moreover, because the waiver in
Rutledge occurred during trial, the client was present and could see the
consequences of the waiver (and, presumably, confer with his attorney if he
did not agree with the waiver). Finally, and again unlike this case, there was
no claim in Rutledge that the attorney lacked authority to enter into any
stipulation.

¶25 On this unique record, where the Estate’s counsel expressly
acknowledged he had not contacted his client before entering the
stipulations, the Estate cannot properly be held to those stipulations. See
Robertson, 237 Ariz. at 349 ¶ 17 (prohibiting “[a]n attorney without actual
authority to settle a dispute” unless the other party “reasonably assumes”
the lawyer is authorized to do so based on “the client’s (and not the
lawyer’s) manifestation of such authorization”) (quotation omitted).
Accordingly, the stipulations agreed to by the Estate’s counsel at the
December 4, 2017 hearing were not binding on the Estate.

II. The Estate Was Entitled to Relief Under Rule 60(b)(6).

¶26 This court reviews the “denial of relief from judgment under
Rule 60 for an abuse of discretion.” Woodbridge Structured Funding, LLC v.
Ariz. Lottery, 235 Ariz. 25, 29–30 ¶ 21 (App. 2014). To obtain relief from a
final judgment under Rule 60(b)(6) (allowing for relief from a judgment for
“any other reason justifying relief”), the movant must show: (1) “a reason
for setting aside the judgment other than one of the reasons set forth in the
preceding five clauses of rule 60([b]);”3 (2) “extraordinary circumstances of
hardship or injustice justifying relief;” and (3) a meritorious defense.
Skydive Ariz., Inc. v. Hogue, 238 Ariz. 357, 364 ¶ 25 (App. 2015) (quoting
Hilgeman v. Am. Mortg. Sec., Inc., 196 Ariz. 215, 220 ¶ 15 (App. 2000)) (as to
(1) and (2)) and Gonzalez v. Nguyen, 243 Ariz. 531, 534 ¶ 12 (2018) (as to (3))
(citing cases). In determining whether Rule 60(b)(6) relief is appropriate,

3 Although substantively identical, Rule 60(c) was re-numbered as Rule
60(b) effective January 1, 2017. Citations here are to the current Rule 60(b).

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courts “must consider the totality of facts and circumstances.” Skydive Ariz.,
238 Ariz. at 364 ¶ 25.

A. Rule 60(b)(1)-(5) Do Not Provide Any Basis for Relief.

¶27 The Estate sought relief under Rule 60(b)(1), (2), (3) and (6).
The stipulations and resulting judgment were not the product of mistake or
excusable neglect, because a reasonably prudent attorney would not enter
into stipulations of this type without client consent. See Aileen H. Char Life
Interest v. Maricopa Cty., 208 Ariz. 286, 299 ¶ 40 (2004). On appeal, the Estate
does not argue in earnest that newly discovered evidence under Rule
60(b)(2) applies, and the Partnership argues the Estate had no newly
discovered evidence. Nor is there any argument by the Estate that the
Partnership engaged in misconduct, Rule 60(b)(3),4 or that the judgment is
void or has been satisfied, released or discharged, Rule 60(b)(4), (5).
Accordingly, because relief is not available under these other subparts of
Rule 60(b), the first requirement for relief under Rule 60(b)(6) is met.

B. The Estate Has Established Extraordinary Circumstances.

¶28 To obtain relief under Rule 60(b)(6), the moving party also
must demonstrate “extraordinary circumstances of hardship or injustice
justifying relief.” Webb v. Erickson, 134 Ariz. 182, 187 (1982). Here,
stipulations entered by an attorney, who expressly disavowed having client
contact to obtain authority to enter into such stipulations, resulted in a
judgment for the entire amount of the plaintiff’s claim sought in the
complaint. Although extraordinary circumstances of hardship or injustice
cannot comprehensively be defined, it is difficult to imagine a situation
more extraordinary than what happened here. Moreover, after the Estate
retained new counsel, it acted promptly in seeking to set aside the resulting
judgment. Given these unique circumstances, the Estate has established
extraordinary circumstances of hardship or injustice, which justify relief.
See Skydrive Ariz., Inc., 238 at 364 ¶ 27 (finding extraordinary circumstances
under Rule 60(b)(6) when defendant took action so that summary judgment
would be stayed while he was on active duty but then, after a change in
judge, the court granted summary judgment and entered judgment against
him).

4At oral argument on appeal, however, the Partnership conceded that it
had access to the promissory notes but had not disclosed them before the
entry of judgment.

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C. Because the Estate was Not Properly Sanctioned, the Court
Could Not Find It Lacked a Meritorious Defense.

¶29 Finally, the Estate had the burden to demonstrate a
meritorious defense. Gonzalez, 243 Ariz. at 534 ¶ 12. “This burden is
‘minimal,’” requiring only some facts that, if proven at trial, would
constitute a defense. Id. (citations omitted). The evidence to be considered
in determining whether the movant has met this burden need not be
extraneous to the record. Id. at 534 ¶ 13. Whether the Estate could show a
meritorious defense turns on whether the sanctions imposed were proper.

¶30 The court found the Estate could not establish a meritorious
defense because it had been precluded from calling any witnesses or
submitting evidence as a sanction. Specifically, the court held:

Defendant failed to disclose her defenses, any
witnesses or a pretrial statement in preparation
for trial. This failure led to the Court precluding
Defendant from calling any witnesses or
submitting any exhibits at trial. To the extent
that Defendant believes that she was prevented
from presenting her “meritorious defense” as
outlined extensively in her pleadings, that
failure was not due to Plaintiff’s fraud,
misrepresentation or misconduct, but on her
own actions.

These failures are not genuinely disputed and clearly warrant sanctions.
What the record does not show, however, is whether the sanctionable
conduct was attributable to the Estate’s counsel, the Estate or both.

¶31 “[W]here the party is not guilty of misconduct in the
discovery process, he should not suffer default as the result of his counsel’s
guilty conduct.” Lenze v. Synthese, Ltd., 160 Ariz. 302, 305 (App. 1989). A
corollary to this is that “[w]here there is a question as to whether the party
is guilty or innocent of misconduct, a hearing is required to settle the
question.” Id. at 305 (citing Robinson v. Higuera, 157 Ariz. 622 (App.1988);
Birds Int’l Corp. v. Ariz. Maintenance Co., 135 Ariz. 545 (App. 1983)); accord
Treadaway v. Meador, 103 Ariz. 83, 84 (1968) (noting superior court “clearly
abused its discretion in failing to set aside the judgment . . . upon
determining the true state of facts . . . they had engaged an attorney and
had fully attempted to comply with the court’s directions”). “The
requirement that a court conduct a ‘culprit hearing’ is aimed at protecting

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a party from dispositive sanctions when the fault lies only with counsel.
Such hearings present an opportunity for the client to reveal to the court its
lack of involvement in sanctionable conduct.” Lund v. Superior Court, 227
Ariz. 572, 581 ¶ 34 (App. 2011) (citing cases); accord Marquez v. Ortega, 231
Ariz. 437, 444 ¶ 26 (App. 2013).

¶32 On appeal, the Partnership argues that Marquez requires a
“culprit hearing” only when the sanctions imposed are “tantamount to [a]
dismissal” and that the sanctions here do not meet that standard. Not so.
Although the Partnership relies on one sentence of dicta in Marquez, the
standard set forth in that case is: “Whether a hearing is necessary depends
on ‘(1) the circumstances in general; (2) the type and severity of the
sanctions under consideration; and (3) the judge’s participation in the
proceedings, knowledge of the facts, and need for further inquiry.’” 231
Ariz. at 444 ¶ 26 (quoting Lund, 227 Ariz. at 582 ¶ 37).

¶33 As noted twenty years before Marquez, “[t]he heavier the
sanction contemplated, the more deliberate the process that is due and the
more thorough the findings that should be made.” Montgomery Ward & Co.,
Inc. v. Superior Court In and For Cty. of Maricopa, 176 Ariz. 619, 622 (App.
1993). Although a culprit hearing may not be required when the record
clearly shows responsibility for sanctionable conduct, “an evidentiary
hearing may often be necessary to determine whether responsibility for
obstructing discovery lies with the party or with his counsel.” Hammoudeh
v. Jada, 222 Ariz. 570, 572 ¶ 7 (App. 2009) (citing Lenze, 160 Ariz. at 306).

¶34 As applied, the record suggests that the misconduct was
attributable solely to the Estate’s counsel. In the November 20, 2017 hearing,
the Estate’s counsel admitted that the issues with the pretrial findings were
his alone. Moreover, to the extent the record could be read as suggesting
something other than misconduct solely by the Estate’s counsel, the
Partnership’s counsel at this same hearing raised the issue of a culprit
hearing to determine whether the sanctions should be against the Estate’s
counsel, the Estate or both. On this record, a culprit hearing was necessary.
See Marquez, 231 Ariz. at 444 ¶ 26. Because none was held, the sanctions
imposed — all of which were against the Estate, not the Estate’s counsel —
cannot stand.

¶35 Because the sanctions must be vacated, the finding that the
Estate could not present a meritorious defense as required for Rule 60(b)(6)
similarly fails. Depending upon the outcome of the culprit hearing on
remand, the Estate may be able to show admissible evidence supporting

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one or more meritorious defenses. Whether the Estate can do so, however,
will turn on the results of the culprit hearing.

CONCLUSION

¶36 Because the stipulation resulting in the entry of judgment was
not binding on the Estate, the superior court’s denial of the motion to set
aside the judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b)(6) is reversed. On remand, the
superior court is directed to conduct a culprit hearing to determine the
appropriate sanctions to be imposed on the Estate’s counsel, the Estate or
both. The outcome of that hearing, in turn, will determine how the case
should proceed going forward.

¶37 The Estate is awarded its taxable costs on appeal, contingent
upon its compliance with Arizona Rules of Civil Appellate Procedure 21.
The Estate’s request for attorneys’ fees on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 12-
349 and -350 is denied. The parties’ competing requests for attorneys’ fees
on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 12-341.01 are denied without prejudice to
their reassertion following remand and the conclusion of the culprit
hearing.

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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