Cavness v. Wilson

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

In re the Matter of:

LAURA ANN CAVNESS, Petitioner/Appellant,

v.

BRIAN HOWARD WILSON, Respondent/Appellee.
__________________________________

CARL ENGSTRAND, et al., Intervenors/Appellees.

No. 1 CA-CV 19-0460 FC
FILED 4-14-2020

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. FC2012-004322
The Honorable Kevin B. Wein, Judge

AFFIRMED

COUNSEL

Laura Ann Cavness, Phoenix
Petitioner/Appellant

Law Office of Margo A. Shorr, Phoenix
By Margo A. Shorr
Counsel for Intervenors/Appellees
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Decision of the Court

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge Randall M. Howe and Chief Judge Peter B. Swann joined.

T H U M M A, Judge:

¶1 Laura Ann Cavness (Mother) is the biological parent of G.C.,
a minor child. Mother appeals from the denial of her motion to set aside a
temporary order granting Intervenors (G.C.’s adult sister and her husband)
sole legal decision-making for G.C. and a subsequent in loco parentis order.
As set forth below, because Mother has shown no reversible error, the
orders are affirmed.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶2 Mother and Brian Howard Wilson (Father) divorced in 2013.
At that time, the superior court adopted their agreement that G.C. would
primarily reside with Mother, with Father exercising specified parenting
time.

¶3 In January 2017, Intervenors petitioned for a temporary
emergency order allowing them to immediately take custody of G.C.1 They
alleged that Mother had been involuntarily committed and had not been
properly caring for G.C. They asserted that Father had not maintained
regular contact with G.C. and his whereabouts were unknown. Intervenors
also filed a petition arguing they stood in loco parentis to G.C. and his
parents were unable to care for him.

¶4 The court granted the temporary emergency petition,
allowing Intervenors to take temporary custody of G.C. Mother and Father
appeared at an evidentiary hearing on that petition the next week, where
Father supported Intervenors’ request. After the hearing, the court affirmed
the temporary order, ruling Intervenors would continue to have sole legal
decision-making authority and physical custody of G.C. pending the

1 Although the record does not contain an express order authorizing
intervention, the superior court implicitly did so by adding Intervenors to
the case caption and treating them as such without objection.

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hearing on their in loco parentis petition. The court also granted Mother
supervised parenting time during this period.

¶5 In the months that followed, Mother filed numerous motions
asking that G.C. be returned to her. She did not, however, exercise any
parenting time, and ultimately failed to appear at the evidentiary hearing
on the in loco parentis petition. The court proceeded by default and, after
receiving Intervenors’ evidence, determined that they stood in loco parentis
to G.C. and had established by clear and convincing evidence that it was in
G.C.’s best interests for Intervenors to be awarded sole legal decision-
making authority and that he live with them. The court also suspended
Mother’s parenting time until she addressed her mental health and drug
issues. Mother did not appeal that order.

¶6 Over the next two years, Mother repeatedly violated the
orders and improperly attempted to remove G.C. from Intervenors’ care
and to contact him directly and indirectly. The court eventually held
Mother in criminal contempt, and she served six months in jail.

¶7 Mother then filed a “Motion to Reverse Petition for Custody
by Non-Parent Third Party Rights Pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-402(B) And § 25-
409 And Petition for Post-Decree Temporary/Emergency Order Without
Notice Granted on 01/09/2017 Due To Arizona Notary Law Violations.”
This motion alleged that Intervenors’ counsel had notarized both the
petition for temporary emergency order and petition for in loco parentis in
violation of Arizona law and asserted that the court’s subsequent orders
were therefore invalid.

¶8 The superior court denied the motion, and Mother timely
appealed. This court has jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes
(A.R.S.) section 12-2101(A)(2) (2020).2

DISCUSSION

¶9 Mother appeals the denial of her motion to reverse, which
asked the superior court to set aside both the temporary order granting
Intervenors sole legal decision-making authority and physical custody of
G.C. and the subsequent in loco parentis order. The motion to reverse did
not cite Arizona Rule of Family Law Procedure (Rule) 85, but the superior

2 Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited

refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.

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court appears to have treated it as a motion to set aside and considered the
motion on the merits.3

¶10 On appeal, Mother argues only that Intervenors’ petition for
temporary custody was invalid because it was not notarized and, therefore,
the resulting temporary order was invalid. Because a motion to set aside
may not be addressed to a non-final order, this court lacks appellate
jurisdiction to consider Mother’s argument. Cf. Maria v. Najera, 222 Ariz.
306, 308 ¶¶ 12-13 (App. 2009) (holding appellate court lacked jurisdiction
to review post-summary judgment order denying a motion for new trial
because the summary judgment order was not final); Mezey v. Fioramonti, 204 Ariz. 599, 606 ¶ 26 (App. 2003) (“A party may not create access to
appellate review merely by filing a new trial motion from a non-appealable
interlocutory order.”), disapproved on other grounds by Bilke v. State, 206 Ariz.
462 (2003). Because a temporary order may be revoked or modified before
the court enters a final decision, and terminates when the court enters a final
decision, a temporary order is not appealable. A.R.S. §§ 25-315(F)(2), (4); see
also Gutierrez v. Fox, 242 Ariz. 259, 264 ¶ 12 (App. 2017) (“temporary orders
. . . are not appealable”). Therefore, this court lacks appellate jurisdiction to
review the denial of Mother’s motion to reverse insofar as it addressed the
temporary order. See Maria, 222 Ariz. at 308 ¶¶ 12-13; Mezey, 204 Ariz. at
606 ¶ 26.

¶11 To the extent that Mother argues the superior court erred by
refusing to set aside the in loco parentis order because the Intervenors’
petition for temporary emergency order was not notarized, that argument
also fails. Rule 86 provides that any error by the court or a party is not
grounds for reversal unless justice requires otherwise. “At every stage of
the proceeding, the court must disregard all errors and defects that do not
affect any party’s substantial rights.” Id. Intervenors’ claimed failure to
have their petition properly notarized was a procedural defect that did not
affect the validity of the in loco parentis order. See Duckstein v. Wolf, 230
Ariz. 227, 232-233 ¶¶ 13-16 (2012) (holding lack of verification for petition
for dissolution was a procedural defect and did not deprive the superior
court of jurisdiction). Mother did not appear at the evidentiary hearing on

3 Intervenors argue that Mother’s motion was not timely. Rule 85(c)
provides generally that a motion to set aside must be filed within a
“reasonable time,” but must be filed within six months when it is based on
mistake, newly discovered evidence, or fraud. Because Mother’s Motion to
Reverse was not based on the grounds governed by the six-month
limitation, it was not untimely.

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the petition and does not argue that the evidence received at that hearing
failed to support the court’s resulting in loco parentis order. Accordingly,
the court did not abuse its discretion by denying Mother’s motion to set
aside that order. See Birt v. Birt, 208 Ariz. 546, 549 ¶ 9 (App. 2004).

CONCLUSION

¶12 Mother has not shown the orders were erroneous. Intervenors
request their attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in this appeal under A.R.S.
§ 25-324(B) and Rules 71(a) and (b). In the exercise of its discretion, this
court denies Intervenors’ request for fees. As the successful parties,
however, Intervenors are awarded their taxable costs on appeal, contingent
upon their compliance with Arizona Rule of Civil Appellate Procedure 21.

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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