Cited by

See, ¶ 8 (2016); ¶ 32 (App. 2008).

¶ 8 (2016) (probable cause exists when there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime is present).

See Chalpin, 220 Ariz. at 419-21, 423, ¶¶ 21, 24, 31-32, 38; ¶ 15 (2016) (Probable cause in criminal cases may often depend on innocent behavior because the showing required is “only a probability or substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of such activity.” (quotation omitted)).

“The facts need not show it is more likely than not that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” ¶ 8 (2016).

ntends the search warrant affidavit “was insufficient without the information obtained from the warrantless search,” such that “the fruit of the poisonous tree should have been suppressed.” “Probable cause exists when the facts known to a police officer ‘would warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that contraband or evidence of a crime is present.’” (quoting Florida v. Harris, 568 U.S. 237, 243 (2013)).

This standard is one of probability or substantial likelihood, not certainty, and “depends on the totality of the circumstances.” Morris, (“Probable cause is something less than the proof needed to convict and something more than suspicions.” ()).

¶18 “Probable cause exists when the facts known to a police officer ‘would warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that contraband or evidence of a crime is present.’” ¶ 8 (2016) (citation omitted).

The probable cause standard “requires only a probability or substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of such activity.” ¶ 15 (2016) (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 243 n.13 (1983)).

¶9 “’Probable cause requires only a probability or substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of such activity.’” ¶ 15 (2016) (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 235 (1983)).

at ¶ 12; ¶ 20 (2016) (noting that while “[p]resentation of a valid AMMA registry identification card .

“Probable cause exists when the facts known to a police officer would warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that contraband or evidence of a crime is present.” ¶ 8 (2016) (quotation omitted).

“The [plain view] doctrine allows police to seize an object if they are lawfully in a position to view it, if its incriminating character is immediately apparent, and if they have a lawful right of access to it.” ¶ 11 (2016) (internal citations omitted).

¶16 Under the plain view doctrine, “if police are lawfully in a position from which they can view an object, if its incriminating character is immediately apparent, and if the officers have a lawful right of access to the object, they may seize it without a warrant.” Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366, 375 (1993); ¶ 11 (2016).

“Probable cause exists when the facts known to a police officer ‘would warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that contraband or evidence of a crime is present.’” ¶ 8 (2016) (citation omitted).

“Probable cause exists when the facts known to a police officer ‘would warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that contraband or evidence of a crime is present.’” ¶ 8 (2016) (quoting Florida v. Harris, 568 U.S. 237, 243 (2013)); see also United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. 404-05 (2012) (establishing that GPS surveillance of a vehicle is a search and thus subject to the general requirement of a warrant supported by probable cause).

1623 , 10 L.Ed.2d 726 (1963) ), and "requires only a probability or substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of such activity," State v. Sisco , , ¶ 15, (quoting Illinois v. Gates , 462 U.S. 213 , 243 n.13, 103 S.Ct.

dical Marijuana Act, the smell of marijuana established probable cause that a vehicle contained evidence of criminal activity); see also Maryland v. Pringle, 540 U.S. 366, 371-72 (2003) (finding probable cause to arrest all three occupants of a car when officers found $763 in the glove box and five baggies of cocaine "behind the back seat armrest and accessible to all three men"); -54, ¶¶ 16-17 (2016) (sight of marijuana is indicative of criminal activity).

“Probable cause exists when the facts known to a police officer would warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that contraband or evidence of a crime is present.” ¶ 8 (2016) (internal quotation omitted).