State v. Ocain

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,

v.

DASHON ANOM OCAIN, Appellant.

No. 1 CA-CR 18-0871
FILED 9-17-2019

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
No. CR2016-128924-002
The Honorable Frank W. Moskowitz, Judge

AFFIRMED

COUNSEL

Arizona Attorney General's Office, Phoenix
By Joshua C. Smith
Counsel for Appellee

Maricopa County Public Defender's Office, Phoenix
By Paul J. Prato
Counsel for Appellant
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Decision of the Court

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Diane M. Johnsen delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Randall M. Howe and Judge David D. Weinzweig joined.

J O H N S E N, Judge:

¶1 Dashon Ocain was convicted of third-degree burglary under
Arizona Revised Statutes ("A.R.S.") sections 13-301 (2019) and -1506 (2019).1
Ocain argues insufficient evidence supported the conviction. For the
following reasons, we affirm Ocain's conviction and resulting sentence.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶2 A witness telephoned police early one morning to report
suspicious activity in a Phoenix neighborhood. According to the witness,
two men – one Black, one Hispanic - drove up, parked, exited the car and
then walked along the road, using a flashlight to peer into parked vehicles.
Police responded and stopped a vehicle occupied by two men, the driver
and Ocain, the lone passenger. When they asked Ocain for his identity, he
twice responded with false names. While questioning the two men, police
noticed a large tile saw in the back seat of the car. Ocain and the driver said
they had found the saw in a nearby alley.

¶3 As they followed the driver and Ocain to the alley, police
received a report that someone had taken a tile saw from the backyard of a
nearby home. Once in the alley, police contacted the owner of the stolen
tile saw, who identified the saw found in the car as his. Based on a
neighbor's warning, the owner suspected an intruder had been in his yard
a few minutes before.

¶4 Police detained Ocain and the driver and impounded a
flashlight found in the car. Ocain volunteered to officers that he had been
present when the driver had committed other burglaries. Ocain directed
police to a house he claimed the driver had burglarized a few days earlier,
and then to a second location where he said the driver sold the stolen goods.
The item Ocain reported the driver had taken from the house, a concrete

1 Absent material revision after the date of an alleged offense, we cite
the current version of a statute or rule.

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Decision of the Court

vibrating tool, was found in the trunk of the vehicle in which the driver and
Ocain had been stopped.

¶5 The jury found Ocain guilty of burglary for the tile saw taken
from the yard. Ocain filed a timely appeal. We have jurisdiction pursuant
to Article 6, Section 9, of the Arizona Constitution, and A.R.S. §§ 12-
120.21(A)(1) (2019), 13-4031 (2019) and -4033(A) (2019).

DISCUSSION

¶6 The "question of sufficiency of the evidence is one of law,
subject to de novo review." State v. West, 226 Ariz. 559, 562, ¶ 15 (2011).
"[T]he relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light
most favorable to the prosecution, any trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. at ¶ 16
(quoting State v. Mathers, 165 Ariz. 64, 66 (1990)). Both direct and
circumstantial evidence are considered, West, 226 Ariz. at 562, ¶ 16, and the
prosecution must provide enough evidence that "reasonable persons could
accept as adequate and sufficient to support a conclusion of defendant's
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt," State v. Jones, 125 Ariz. 417, 419 (1980).

¶7 "[S]ufficiency of the evidence must be tested against the
statutorily required elements of the offense." State v. Peña, 209 Ariz. 503,
505, ¶ 8 (2005). Under § 13-1506(A)(1), one commits burglary by "[e]ntering
or remaining unlawfully . . . in a fenced . . . residential yard with the intent
to commit any theft or any felony therein." Here, the State argues that, at a
minimum, there is substantial evidence that Ocain was an accomplice to the
driver's burglary. We therefore address whether the evidence supports
Ocain's conviction as an accomplice under § 13-301.

¶8 As relevant here, an accomplice is an individual who "[a]ids,
counsels, agrees to aid or attempts to aid another person in planning or
committing an offense" or "[p]rovides means or opportunity to another
person to commit the offense." A.R.S. § 13-301(2), (3); see State v. King, 226
Ariz. 253, 258, ¶ 16 (App. 2011) (quoting State v. Kovorkin, 202 Ariz. 493, 497,
¶ 12 (App. 2002)) ("the state may base a defendant's criminal liability for a
substantive criminal offense on an accomplice theory if the state is able to
show the defendant aided or facilitated the commission of that offense by a
principal").

¶9 As recounted above, Ocain and the driver were stopped in the
vehicle with the missing tile saw shortly after it was reportedly stolen. The
jury disbelieved the story he and the driver gave police about having found
the saw in the alley. Ocain argues he had nothing to do with the burglary,

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but the jury reasonably could have concluded that, at a minimum, he
assisted the driver in the crime. To begin with, a witness had reported
seeing two men using a flashlight to check out the contents of parked cars
in the neighborhood. Ocain and the driver were stopped nearby soon after,
they fit the loose descriptions provided by the witness, and police found a
flashlight in their car. Once stopped, Ocain tried to hide his true identity,
providing officers with two different false names. Further, Ocain
demonstrated familiarity with other burglaries he said the driver had
committed.

¶10 The superior court correctly instructed the jury that mere
presence does not establish guilt. See also State v. Denson, 241 Ariz. 6, 10, ¶
16 (App. 2016) (mere possession of stolen goods does not establish theft).
That said, a reasonable jury could disbelieve the explanation by Ocain and
the driver that they had found the tile saw in an alley behind the home from
which it was stolen. See id. at 11, ¶ 20; see also State v. Miguel, 15 Ariz. App.
17, 20 (1971) ("[P]ossesion of recently stolen goods, when corroborated by
. . . an explanation that is inherently unlikely, is sufficient evidence to
support the conviction."). As the State notes, Ocain's explanation would
require that someone else stole the saw and left it in the alley, or that, shortly
after the saw was taken, another saw of the same model somehow
otherwise mysteriously appeared in the alley. Either is possible but both
are "inherently unlikely." Miguel, 15 Ariz. App. at 20.

¶11 We conclude sufficient evidence supported Ocain's
conviction. The witness's report that two men were lurking around parked
vehicles undermines Ocain's implicit contention that the driver alone was
complicit in the burglary of the tile saw. Ocain was found with recently
stolen property, lied to police about his identity, offered an unlikely

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explanation for how he came into possession of the stolen property and was
familiar with the driver's other crimes. A jury could have concluded that
Ocain at least aided the driver in the burglary.

CONCLUSION

¶12 For the reasons stated, we affirm the conviction and sentence.

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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