Cited by

at 421 ¶ 17 ( ¶ 10 (App. 2003), for the proposition that statutory language in A.R.S.

4 STATE v. ALVAREZ-SOTO Opinion of the Court traffic stops based on facts that neither constitute a violation of the law nor constitute reasonable grounds to suspect the driver has committed an offense, they run afoul of the Fourth Amendment requirement that they possess objectively reasonable grounds for the intrusion.”

Law argues that a single instance of drifting over the fog line is insufficient to justify a stop.

Woods’ for the proposition that a stop is unreasonable if it is premised on a traffic violation that drivers routinely commit, is both a mischaracterization of Livingston and contrary to authority.

Hopson claims the trooper lacked a sufficient basis to stop his vehicle for an alleged lane line violation under A.R.S.

See Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996); ¶ 13 (App. 2003).

Instead, Levesque argues the lane change violation does not constitute a

¶9 -48, ¶¶ 6, 10 (App. 2003), in which an officer stopped a driver for violating A.R.S.

at 8 (Fourth Amendment tolerates only objectively reasonable mistakes); The detective would have made a mistake of law, for example, had he accurately estimated that a window allowed for forty percent light transmission, but incorrectly believed it violated § 28-959.01(A)(1).

“In evaluating the reasonableness of a stop, the trial court must evaluate the totality of the circumstances” and even “seemingly small factual distinctions can affect a court’s conclusions as to the reasonableness of a stop.” n.1, ¶ 12, n.1 (App. 2003).

Thus, although a petitioner seeking relief under § 13-4051 may certainly bring evidence of improper law enforcement motives to challenge an officer‟s credibility on a material fact, no language in § 13-4051 entitles a petitioner to relief on such evidence standing alone.

“We review the trial court’s granting of a motion to suppress for an abuse of discretion” but review de novo “the court’s ultimate legal determination of the propriety of a stop.”