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n.3 (1983) (explaining courts may reference dictionaries to glean the ordinary meaning of words); Cuomo v. Clearing House Ass'n, L.L.C., 557 U.S. 519, 526 (2009) (interpreting a statute based on the understanding of terms at the time of enactment).

§ 1-213 (2002) ("Words and phrases shall be construed according to the common and approved use of the language."); n.3 (1983) (stating that unless the legislature expressly defines a statutory term, courts give the word its plain and ordinary meaning, which may be taken from the dictionary).

“[R]eference to established, respected dictionaries is appropriate in determining the commonly accepted meaning of words.” Sierra Tucson, ().

¶ 12 (App. 1999) (noting we refer to a widely used and established dictionary to determine a term’s plain and ordinary meaning) ( n.3 (1983)).

And, we may determine the ordinary meaning of a word by referring to “established and widely used dictionaries.” Fields, 234 Ariz. at 219, ¶ 20 , 320 P.3d at 1165 ( , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983)).

470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983); see Baker v. Univ.

Special Fund Div. v. Industrial Com’n of Arizona, ¶ 12 , , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983).

“It is dear that words and phrases in statutes shall be given their ordinary meaning unless it appears from context or otherwise that a different meaning is intended.” , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983); see also Padilla v. Indus.

§ 1-213 (2002) (directing that words in statutes “be construed according to the common and approved use of the language”); , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983) (“words and phrases in statutes shall be given their ordinary meaning unless it appears from context or otherwise that a different meaning is intended”); ¶ 9 , (“We recognize that a dictionary definition may not

470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983).

Grp., ¶ 17 , ( , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983)) (in determining the plain meaning of a term in a statute, courts refer to established and widely used dictionaries).

470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983).

¶¶ 42-43 , , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983).

§ 1-213 (2002) (“Words and phrases shall be construed according to the common and approved use of the language.”); n.3, n.3 (1983) (referring to an “established, widely respected dictionary for the ordinary meaning” of a statutory term).

See, , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983).

The plain meaning of “principal” includes “most important, consequential, or influential,” “chief,” and “a matter or thing of primary importance.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 987 (11th ed. 2007); , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983) (explaining courts may reference dictionaries to glean ordinary meaning of words).

This comports with the ordinary meaning of the term: a “contract between an employer and employee in which the terms and conditions of employment are stated.” Black’s Law Dictionary 321 (7th ed. 1999); n.3, n.3 (1983) (approving use of dictionary to determine ordinary meaning).

Black’s Law Dictionary 429, 737, 772 (7th ed.1999); , (holding that unless legislature gives special meaning to a statutory word, court gives word ordinary meaning); , 470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983) (stating that in determining ordinary meaning of a word a court may refer to established and widely used dictionary).

470 n. 3, , 911 n. 3 (1983).

¶ 8 Further, “apply” means “to put into operation or effect (apply a law).” Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 56 (10th ed.2001); , (relying on dictionary definitions as an aid to statutory interpretation).

See BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 32 (8th ed. 2004); see also State v. Wise, 137 Ariz. 468, 470 n.3, n.3 (1983) (approving reference - 4 - to dictionary to determine ordinary meaning).