In Re the Marriage of Priessman

FILED BY CLERK
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS NOV 18 2011
STATE OF ARIZONA
COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION TWO DIVISION TWO

In re the Marriage of: )
)
KURT PRIESSMAN, ) 2 CA-CV 2011-0071
) DEPARTMENT B
Petitioner/Appellant, )
) OPINION
and )
)
CHONG PRIESSMAN, )
)
Respondent/Appellee. )
)

APPEAL FROM THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PIMA COUNTY

Cause No. D20042527

Honorable Sharon Douglas, Judge Pro Tempore

AFFIRMED

Law Office of Michael H. Gottesman
By Michael H. Gottesman Tucson
Attorney for Petitioner/Appellant

Curtis & Cunningham
By Marjorie Fisher Cunningham Tucson
Attorneys for Respondent/Appellee

V Á S Q U E Z, Presiding Judge.
¶1 Kurt Priessman appeals from the trial court’s order denying in part his

petition for modification of spousal maintenance. He argues that pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-

530, the court erred by considering his Combat-Related Special Compensation (“CRSC”)

as income. He also contends the court erred by not reducing or eliminating his spousal

maintenance arrearages based on retroactive determinations of disability made by two

federal agencies. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.

Factual Background and Procedural History

¶2 “We view the evidence in the light most favorable to sustaining the trial

court’s findings and will uphold them unless they are clearly erroneous or unsupported by

the evidence.” In re Marriage of Yuro, 192 Ariz. 568, ¶ 3, 968 P.2d 1053, 1055 (App.

1998). Kurt and Chong Priessman met in Korea and were married in 1979 while Kurt

was stationed there with the military. The marriage was dissolved by decree of

dissolution in September 2005. Under the decree, Chong was awarded spousal

maintenance in the amount of $1,750 per month for an indefinite period of time

beginning September 1, 2005.1 Kurt appealed the decree, challenging the duration and

amount of the spousal maintenance award. In In re Marriage of Priessman, No. 2 CA-

CV 2005-0181 (memorandum decision filed June 29, 2006), this court affirmed the

decree.

1
The trial court based the spousal maintenance award on its findings that Kurt had
a gross income of $6,966 per month, compared to Chong’s income of $800 per month,
and that Chong had a third-grade education, was not fluent in English, and lacked the
property and earning ability necessary to be self-sufficient and to provide for her
reasonable needs.
2
¶3 In October and December 2006, Kurt filed petitions to modify the spousal

maintenance award, seeking a reduction based on changes in his employment and health.

He claimed that “[t]he rulings of the court [had] left [him] without sufficient means to

support [himself] in a depressed economic area.” Kurt filed an affidavit of financial

information indicating his only source of income was his Air Force pension and Veterans

Administration disability totaling $1,438 per month. In April 2007, the trial court denied

the petitions and, finding Kurt had failed to remain current on his spousal maintenance

payments, entered judgment for Chong in the amount of the arrearages.

¶4 The trial court denied Kurt’s petitions to modify spousal maintenance based

on its finding that he voluntarily had quit his job “and moved . . . to a rural area with

neither employment opportunities nor health care resources.” The court concluded that

“although [Kurt’s] financial circumstances ha[d] changed, he ha[d] been solely

responsible for those changes,” and that “[the changes] w[ere] neither made in good faith

nor necessarily continuing.” See A.R.S. § 25-327(A). It also found that Chong

“continue[d] to be in serious need of the ordered spousal maintenance,” and that she

“ha[d] not voluntarily and purposefully made her situation worse, and [could not] be

expected to suffer the consequences of [Kurt’s] fiscally irresponsible decisions.”

¶5 In November 2010, Kurt filed a third petition for modification, this time

seeking a reduction based on a determination made by the Department of Veterans

Affairs (“VA”) that he was disabled and another by the Social Security Administration

(“SSA”) that he was unemployable. And because those determinations were made

retroactive to 2006 and 2007, Kurt asked the trial court to “[r]eevaluate” its April 2007

3
decision regarding his ability to find employment, to recalculate spousal maintenance

effective December 17, 2006, and to reduce the amount of arrearages accordingly. He

also asked the court to recalculate spousal maintenance from August 19, 2010 onward, 2

“in light of A.R.S. [§§] 12-1539, 25-318.01 and 25-530.”

¶6 After an evidentiary hearing in February 2011, the trial court issued its

under-advisement ruling reducing Kurt’s spousal maintenance obligation to $1,100 per

month from $1,750 beginning with the payment in December 2010. The court found that

“[t]here ha[d] been a change in . . . circumstances,” specifically that Kurt no longer was

employed by the Indian Health Service and, as a result, his income had changed. The

court determined Kurt’s sources of income at that time included $1,865 per month in

social security disability, $1,607 per month in CRSC,3 and $645 per month in civil

service retirement pay. The court entered judgment in favor of Chong for accrued

arrearages in the amount of $63,851.79. It denied Kurt’s request to recalculate the

spousal maintenance award by excluding his CRSC as income, reasoning that § 25-530

was not applicable. This appeal followed.

2
In his petition for modification, Kurt states “[o]n August 19, 2010, an Arizona
law designated HB 2348 took effect.” H.B. 2348, adopting § 25-530, actually took effect
on July 29, 2010. See 2010 Ariz. Sess. Laws, ch. 70, § 3.
3
As of December 16, 2010, Kurt was receiving Concurrent Retirement and
Disability Pay (“CRDP”) under 10 U.S.C. § 1414, but elected to instead receive CRSC
under 10 U.S.C. § 1413a for 2011. See 10 U.S.C. § 1414(d)(1) (A person qualified to
receive benefits under § 1414 and under § 1413a may receive one or the other, but not
both.). To be eligible for CRSC, one must be a member of the uniformed services who is
entitled to retired pay and who has a combat-related disability. 10 U.S.C. § 1413a(c)(1)-
(2).

4
 Discussion

Applicability of A.R.S. § 25-530

¶7 Kurt first contends that pursuant to § 25-530, the trial court improperly

considered his CRSC benefits in calculating the modified spousal maintenance award.4

We review a trial court’s ruling on a petition for modification for an abuse of discretion.

Van Dyke v. Steinle, 183 Ariz. 268, 273, 902 P.2d 1372, 1377 (App. 1995). But we

review issues of statutory interpretation de novo. Hobson v. Mid-Century Ins. Co., 199

Ariz. 525, ¶ 6, 19 P.3d 1241, 1244 (App. 2001).

¶8 Section 25-530 provides that “[i]n determining whether to award spousal

maintenance or the amount of any award of spousal maintenance, the court shall not

consider any federal disability benefits awarded to the other spouse for service-connected

disabilities pursuant to 38 United States Code chapter 11.” However, the trial court

found that Kurt “[was] not receiving federal disability benefits pursuant to 38 U.S.C.

[chapter] 11,” rather, “[h]e ha[d] been awarded [CRSC] benefits pursuant to 10 U.S.C.

§ 1413a.” The court therefore concluded that § 25-530 did not apply.

¶9 On appeal, Kurt maintains that even though CRSC benefits are authorized

under title 10, the trial court nevertheless was prohibited from considering such benefits

as income pursuant to § 25-530. He reasons that both his eligibility for CRSC and his

CRSC benefit amounts are determined in part by his qualification in the first instance to

4
Kurt also claims the trial court erred in considering his “VA Waiver (DVA)
amount.” The court indicated it had considered three sources of income in ruling on
Kurt’s petition: civil service retirement, social security disability, and CRSC. Because it
does not appear the court considered any other income, we do not address Kurt’s
argument regarding any additional “DVA” income he may receive.
5
receive benefits under title 38, chapter 11, and that § 25-530 prohibits consideration of

benefits awarded pursuant to title 38, chapter 11.5 See 10 U.S.C. § 1413a(b)(1) and (e).

¶10 Title 38, chapter 11 of the United States Code authorizes, among other

benefits, wartime and peacetime disability compensation. See 38 U.S.C. §§ 1110, 1131.

But title 38, chapter 11 neither authorizes nor refers to CRSC, which is authorized in title

10, chapter 71. In contrast, 10 U.S.C. § 1413a, the statute authorizing CRSC and

prescribing entitlement to CRSC benefits, refers to certain provisions of title 38.6 But

despite these references, Kurt’s eligibility to receive CRSC benefits is determined by, and

CRSC is paid pursuant to, title 10, which has its own requirements separate from those

contained in title 38.7 See 10 U.S.C. § 1413a(e) (defining “combat-related disability” for

purposes of benefits eligibility). The plain language of § 25-530 prohibits trial courts
5
Kurt also argues the trial court violated A.R.S. §§ 12-1539 and 25-318.01.
Because Kurt’s appeal does not involve the legal processes described in § 12-1539, or the
disposition of property implicating § 25-318.01, we limit our analysis to the applicability
of § 25-530.
6
The amount of CRSC compensation under § 1413a is “the amount of
compensation to which the retiree is entitled under title 38 for that month, determined
without regard to any disability . . . that is not . . . combat-related,” and “combat-related
disability” is defined in part by reference to title 38, which is “administered by the
Secretary of Veterans Affairs.” 10 U.S.C. § 1413a(b)(1), (e).
7
A comparison between title 38 and title 10 shows they differ in other respects as
well. Under title 10, the Secretary of Defense “prescribe[s] procedures and criteria under
which a disabled uniformed services retiree may apply [for benefits].” 10 U.S.C.
§ 1413a(d). And it is the “Secretary concerned,” here the Secretary of the Air Force, who
pays a monthly amount from the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund to
those who are eligible for CRSC benefits. 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(9)(C); 10 U.S.C.
§ 1413a(a), (h). On the other hand, title 38 disability compensation is administered and
paid monthly by the Department of Veterans Affairs. 38 C.F.R. § 3.4(b); see also 38
U.S.C. § 101(2), (13). And it is the Secretary of Veterans Affairs who has the authority to
issue “rules and regulations . . . to carry out the laws [in title 38], including . . . the forms
of application by claimants under such laws.” 38 U.S.C. § 501(a), (a)(2).
6
from considering disability benefits awarded “pursuant to 38 United States Code chapter

11.” Thus, in determining whether to award spousal maintenance or the amount of an

award, trial courts are prohibited from considering disability benefits awarded pursuant to

title 38, see 38 U.S.C. §§ 1110, 1131; they are not, however, prohibited from considering

CRSC benefits awarded pursuant to title 10, see 10 U.S.C. § 1413a.8

¶11 Nevertheless, in support of his argument, Kurt urges us to consider the

legislative history for § 25-530, which he argues demonstrates a legislative intent to apply

§ 25-530 more broadly. We recognize that a fundamental goal of statutory interpretation

is to effectuate legislative intent. See Canon Sch. Dist. No. 50 v. W.E.S. Constr. Co., 177

Ariz. 526, 529, 869 P.2d 500, 503 (1994). But, “equally fundamental is the presumption

that what the Legislature means, it will say.” Id., quoting Padilla v. Indus. Comm’n, 113

Ariz. 104, 106, 546 P.2d 1135, 1137 (1976). “Accordingly, absent a clear indication of

legislative intent to the contrary, we are reluctant to construe the words of a statute to

mean something other than what they plainly state.” Id. When the language of a statute

is plain and unambiguous, we customarily look no further. Champlin v. Sargeant, 192

Ariz. 371, ¶ 15, 965 P.2d 763, 766 (1998). And “[i]t is a universal rule that courts will

not enlarge, stretch, expand, or extend a statute to matters not falling within its express

provisions.” In re Martin M., 223 Ariz. 244, ¶ 7, 221 P.3d 1058, 1060 (App. 2009),

8
Kurt argues that according to the trial court’s narrow interpretation, § 25-530
“would not be applicable to any disabled retired military individual,” because even title
38 recipients are paid pursuant to chapter 51 of that title, not chapter 11. But as we noted
above, § 25-530 expressly forbids consideration of title 38, chapter 11 benefits when
calculating spousal maintenance. Thus, it simply makes no difference under the statute
that the payment procedures for those benefits are codified in chapter 51 rather than
chapter 11. See 38 U.S.C. § 5120.
7
quoting Antonio P. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 218 Ariz. 402, ¶ 13, 187 P.3d 1115, 1118

(App. 2008). Given the plain language of § 25-530, we decline to extend its prohibition

to include CRSC benefits authorized under title 10.9 The trial court did not err by

including Kurt’s CRSC benefits in determining the spousal maintenance award.

Retroactive Modification of Spousal Maintenance

¶12 Kurt also argues the trial court erred by “ignor[ing]” his November 2010

request to “[r]eevaluate” its April 2007 finding regarding his ability to work. He asks us

to vacate the court’s April 2007 order and direct it to “recalculate spousal maintenance

[and reduce arrearages] based on . . . actual income at the time, not [on] an attributed

amount based on a false premise.”10 We review the trial court’s ruling on Kurt’s petition

9
Our conclusion is supported by the Michigan Court of Appeals decision in Megee
v. Carmine, 802 N.W.2d 669, 678 (Mich. Ct. App. 2010), which required the court to
interpret the Uniformed Services Former Spouses’ Protection Act (USFSPA). The
USFSPA authorizes state courts to treat “disposable retired pay” as property subject to
division in divorce proceedings. See 10 U.S.C. § 1408(c). But under the USFSPA,
“disposable retired pay” does not include retired pay that is waived in favor of title 38 or
title 5 benefits. 10 U.S.C. § 1408(a)(4)(B). And in Mansell v. Mansell, 490 U.S. 581,
588-89 (1989), the Supreme Court held the plain language of the USFSPA prohibits state
courts from treating retirement pay waived in favor of title 38 disability benefits as
community property subject to division. Mansell did not address, however, whether
retired pay waived in favor of disability benefits that are paid pursuant to other titles
could be divided. But the Megee court concluded that “[u]nder the reasoning and
rationale of Mansell, there would be no prohibition . . . against considering for division
[of property] waived retirement pay . . . [in favor of] title 10 CRSC [benefits because title
10 is] not mentioned in 10 U.S.C. [§] 1408(a)(4)(B).” 802 N.W.2d at 678. We believe
the same principles apply here.
10
Although Kurt argues he is entitled to relief under Rule 60(c)(6), Ariz. R.
Civ. P., he has waived this argument by failing to seek relief under Rule 60(c) in the trial
court. See Maher v. Urman, 211 Ariz. 543, ¶ 24, 124 P.3d 770, 778 (App. 2005)
(Rule 60 argument waived when not raised below). We find nothing in the record to
suggest Kurt invoked Rule 60(c) or its family law counterpart, Rule 85, Ariz. R. Fam.
8
for modification for an abuse of discretion. See Fletcher v. Fletcher, 137 Ariz. 497, 497,

671 P.2d 938, 938 (App. 1983).

¶13 Section 25-327(A) provides that the maintenance provisions of a divorce

decree may be modified “except as to any amount that may have accrued as an arrearage

before the date of notice of the motion . . . to modify or terminate.” Thus, spousal

maintenance payments become vested and non-modifiable when they are due. See

McClanahan v. Hawkins, 90 Ariz. 139, 142, 367 P.2d 196, 197 (1961) (no power to

modify decree as to past-due installments); Jarvis v. Jarvis, 27 Ariz. App. 266, 267-68,

553 P.2d 1251, 1252-53 (1976) (same). Modifications generally are effective the first

day of the month following notice of the petition and never before the filing date of the

petition. § 25-327(A). Here, all of the spousal maintenance payments that accrued

before Kurt’s November 2010 petition were vested when due and not subject to

modification. The trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion by denying Kurt’s

request to retroactively modify spousal maintenance and reduce or eliminate his

arrearages.

Law P. Kurt has not included in the record on appeal a transcript of the hearing on his
petition for modification. See Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 11(b)(1). We therefore presume that
the absent record supports the trial court’s rulings and that no such motion was made.
See Baker v. Baker, 183 Ariz. 70, 73, 900 P.2d 764, 767 (App. 1995). In any event,
although Kurt relies on Rule 60(c)(6), the catchall provision, his arguments are based on
newly discovered evidence of disability. See Ariz. R. Civ. P. 60(c)(2); Ariz. R. Fam.
Law P. 85(C)(1)(b). Under both the rules of civil and family law procedure, motions
based on newly discovered evidence must be brought within six months after the
judgment or order was entered. Kurt thus was time barred under the rules from seeking
relief from the trial court’s April 2007 order. See Ariz. R. Civ. P. 60(c); Ariz. R. Fam.
Law P. 85.
9
 Disposition

¶14 We affirm the trial court’s judgment for the reasons set forth above. Chong

has requested attorney fees on appeal pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324, and in our discretion

we grant her request upon compliance with Rule 21, Ariz. R. Civ. App. P.

/s/ Garye L. Vásquez
GARYE L. VÁSQUEZ, Presiding Judge

CONCURRING:

/s/ Virginia C. Kelly
VIRGINIA C. KELLY, Judge

/s/ Philip G. Espinosa
PHILIP G. ESPINOSA, Judge

10